A z-statistic, or z-score, measures relative discounts and relative premiums for closed-end funds. Z-scores can add context to a closed-end funds’ current discounts and premiums. For a premium, a ...

Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...

In this article, Manward Press Founder Andy Snyder looks at the Altman Z-Score. It’s a little-known but very powerful indicator formula that helps investors identify companies that are at high risk ...