The history of life stretches back untold eons. Today, there is a staggering array of organisms on Earth, with more species being discovered every year. The complexity of life, from the smallest ...

Over 150 years ago, a fossilized organism known as Prototaxites emerged as an enigma regarding what early land life may have been like. As an organism that appeared to grow up through Earth’s crust in ...

Shared ancestry may produce ecological similarity, with closely related species having similar ecological niches 8,9. This idea may be traced back to Darwin’s famous statement that the struggle for ...