Ferromagnets are characterized by a magnetization that has long been used to store information. The magnetization is largely due to localized electron spins with their associated magnetic moments ...

hysics and Python stuff. Most of the videos here are either adapted from class lectures or solving physics problems. I really like to use numerical calculations without all the fancy programming tools ...

The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation, distinct from the magnetic and electric dipoles. While the electric dipole can be understood as a pair of opposite charges and the ...