Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is an advanced transmission strategy that harnesses spatial channels within optical fibres to dramatically increase data capacity beyond the single-mode limitations.

Since the concepts of digital coding metasurface and programmable metasurface were put forward in 2014, the physical world of electromagnetics has been closely connected to the digital world of ...

Announcing a new publication from Opto-Electronic Advances; DOI 10.29026/oea.2026.250229. Programmable metasurface (PM), also termed as reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), have emerged as a ...

Data rates in optical networks have grown exponentially in recent decades and are expected to grow beyond the fundamental limits of current standard single-mode fiber networks. As such, novel ...