A wide range of taxa respond to perceived predation risk (PPR) through inducible defenses, and many prey are capable of responding both behaviorally and morphologically to the same risk event. In ...

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 74, No. 2 (February 2020), pp. 1-9 (9 pages) In the predator–prey arms race, survival-enhancing adaptive behaviors are essential. Prey can perceive predator ...

Nature documentaries will tell you that lions, cheetahs, wolves and other top predators target the weakest or slowest animals and that this culling benefits prey herds, whether it's antelope in Africa ...

Four wild cats silently roam in Guatemala’s dense rainforests. Jaguars, pumas, ocelots and margays share overlapping territories. Scientists wondered how these predators avoid competing for the same ...

Background -- History and biogeography -- Meteorology -- Climate and vegetation -- Resource acquisition and allocation -- Rules of inheritance -- Evolution and natural selection -- Vital statistics of ...