The Arduino Opta micro programmable logic controller (PLC) provides a unique entry point into the automation field. Automation fields like smart homes, process controls, and robotics are project areas ...

In recent years, DC motors have found widespread use in numerous industrial applications. Precise speed control is required and would be achieved via the implementation of a ...

Traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control systems often encounter challenges related to nonlinearity and time-variability. Original dung beetle optimizer (DBO) offers fast convergence ...