Understanding ion-specific effects is a central theme of biology. But because ions are generally manipulated through the use of salts, the complication of 'ion confounding' is introduced. Ion ...

Experimentation is a vital part of the scientific method. Most problems in science require observation of the system at work and experimentation to elucidate information about how the system works. In ...

means that the level of factor F is computed by adding the levels of B and D and two times the levels of C and E, all modulo 3. Note that if q is not a prime number, Galois field arithmetic is not ...

The goal in constructing a design, then, is to find confounding rules that do not confound with zero any of the effects in the set M defined previously. This section describes the sequential search ...