Some troops had been expected to withdraw to allow hundreds of thousands of displaced Gazans to go home. But Israel said the hostage exchange before that step had not gone as agreed. Hamas accused Israel of stalling.

In the days since a fragile ceasefire took hold in the Gaza Strip, Israel has launched a major military operation in the occupied West Bank and suspected Jewish settlers have rampaged through two Palestinian towns.

What has Hamas achieved after 15 months of war with Israel? With the assassination of two of its most senior leaders and the devastating human toll in Gaza, the future of Hamas appears uncertain. But the scenes of its militia re-emerging hours after the ceasefire sent a message of defiance.